United States Environmental Protection Agency
Region VII
POLLUTION REPORT

Subject: 

The Omaha Lead site is located in the Omaha metropolitan area and encompasses Council Bluffs, Iowa, Carter Lake, Iowa, and east Omaha, Nebraska. It is centered around downtown Omaha, Nebraska.  This time-critical removal action removes lead-contaminated soil from residential yards and day cares.

ASARCO Incorporated (ASARCO) operated a lead refinery at 500 Douglas Street in Omaha, Nebraska, for over 100 years beginning in the 1870s.  The operation of the refinery ceased in 1997.  As a routine part of the refinery operation, lead particles were emitted into the atmosphere at the refinery.  In addition, the Gould Incorporated Lead Battery Recycling Plant was located at 555 Farnam Street in Omaha and was a secondary smelter of lead from discarded lead batteries. The blast furnace used to smelt the lead at the Gould plant emitted lead particles into the air from that refinery.  The Gould plant closed in 1982.

Several other facilities in the Omaha area used lead in their manufacturing processes.  A few of these included Carter White Lead at 21st and Locust Street which produced white lead paint bases and red lead and litharge protective coatings until 1936, Omaha Shot and Lead which later became Lawrence Shot and Lead, and then became National Lead Company which manufactured lead shot by melting pig lead, Grant Storage Battery Company, Storage Battery Factory, and Exide Corporation which manufactured lead storage batteries.  

Numerous other locations in the Omaha area such as foundries, iron works, metal salvaging companies and other manufacturers used or processed lead at their facilities.

On March 25, 2004, an Action Memorandum Amendment was signed. This amendment changes the scope of work to include daycare facilities and elevated blood levels (EBLs) that were previously addressed under the first Action Memorandum, however, still addresses highly contaminated properties with lead-soil concentrations of 1,200 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) or greater.

Continued activities are being centralized from the Missouri River Treatment Plant located at 5600 S. 10th Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68107-3501. The city of Omaha has partnered with the EPA to allow the use of a portion of the facility.

There were 10 properties excavated, 3 backfilled, and 2 sodded during this reporting period. So far, during this phase of the time- critical removal action (phase III), there have been a total of 127 properties excavated, 119 backfilled, and 111 sodded.  Some delays pertaining to sodding the properties have been experienced.  This has occurred semi-frequently throughout all three phases of the removal action.  Continued communication with the sod sub-contractor is on-going to emphasize timing and coordination of the work tasks.  On Wednesday, July 7, 2004, there were thunderstorms that suspended work activities in the afternoon.

A test plot was constructed at the Missouri River Treatment Plant to evaluate the viability of hydro-seeding.  The test plot area was backfilled with the exact soil used on properties that have been  cleaned during the removal action.  The hydro seeding occurred on June 10, 2004.  This test area was watered frequently for the first 14 days, and its growth progress monitored.  As of Friday, July 9, 2004, the new grass has sprouted as expected and does not exhibit any type of delayed growth.  Communications are ongoing with the hydro-seed, sub-contractor and the EPA in developing a long term strategy for this application.    

Based on current financial projections, the EPA will reach the funding ceiling by the middle of August 2004.  There have been enough assigned properties to take the work into early October.  The EPA is currently looking into increasing the funding ceiling (after August 15, 2004) and also adding additional properties to the removal group's list.

Continued prioritization will be given to EBLs, day care facilities, and highly contaminated properties where children six years of age or younger live.  All of these higher priority locations received thus far, have been completed, therefore, geographic groupings of properties have been implemented.

There are currently 24 EPA Emergency and Rapid Response Service (ERRS) contractors and 2 Mini-Superfund Technical Assessment and Response Team (START) personnel working extended work hours, 6 days a week.  The breakdown of personnel is comprised of two excavation crews and two backfill crews.  There is also a "punch list crew" that follows behind the other work teams to re-install fences and other needed repairs.  Then, a local sod subcontractor lays/installs new sod on the properties.  A few of the final steps include having the sod watered by the EPA for a two week period.  At that point, the property owner is provided with a instruction sheet (bilingual) that explains future care steps concerning the sod and is encouraged to take over the responsibilities of care.  After that, a final letter is sent to the property owner stating that the clean-up has been completed and a sketch of the property depicting the EPA assessment is also provided to the property owner.

The Greater Omaha Area has received a significant amount of rainfall this year.  There have been five significant amounts of rain so far this month.  This has resulted in minor delays concerning the sod sub-contractor and accessing the backfill source areas.  Dryer weather conditions are expected in the area in the coming months, reducing any future delays.

There is a list of 579 properties, with greater than 1,200 parts per million (ppm) lead, that is currently being prioritized for this phase of the project.  On June 26, 2004, 320 of those properties were taken off the EPA Removal Branch's list and given to the Remedial Branch for a pilot project through the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to complete.  This should assist in the goal of completing all of the list of 579 by the end of this construction season.

Any additional EBLs or day cares (affecting children), once received, are given the highest priority.  

After the prioritized properties have been cleaned, geographic locations will be utilized to maximize available resources concerning the greater than 1,200 ppm lead-contaminated properties.  Sometimes there are difficulties encountered when attempting to contact property owners for scheduling to remain in a general area, however, diligent efforts toward this goal are being maintained.

All of the lead-contaminated soil that is being removed from the day cares, EBLs, and greater than 1,200 ppm properties is being stockpiled at the Missouri River Treatment Plant.

The lead-contaminated soil is accumulated in 1,000 cubic-yard stockpiles. There have been 7 stockpiles of contaminated soil created and either transported or scheduled to be transported during this phase of the removal action.  The eighth stockpile is being accumulated at this time.      

Once a 1,000 cubic-yard pile is created, a composite sample is taken and analyzed for Toxic Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) lead and total lead analysis, in preparation for shipment.  

During the last two phases of the time-critical removal action, the contaminated soil has been sent to the Loess Hills Regional Sanitary Landfill, 59722 290th Street, located in Malvern, Iowa 51551.